Proper pruning leaves secondary branches all along the larger branches. Prevent competing branches from growing larger than half the trunk diameter by removing them or bending them downward to slow their growth. If a tree has co-dominant stems (known as double leaders), remove one to avoid structural weakness. Do not prune back this leader or allow secondary branches to outgrow the leader. Maintain a single dominant leader stem, which is the tallest, strongest, main branch of the tree. Avoid cutting large branches when possible. Remember: it is better to make several small pruning cuts than one big cut. Never remove more than one-fourth of a tree’s branches at one time. Prune off the low temporary branches gradually, over a course of several years, and before they reach one inch in diameter. As a tree grows, branches do not move farther off the ground. As the tree grows taller, the lower branches may be removed, keeping desirable branches. Low temporary branches also protect the trunk. Young trees need their low temporary branches to provide sustenance, though they should be kept short enough not to compete with permanent branches. It is a myth that trees should be pruned when planted to compensate for root loss, because leaves and shoot tips provide food and growth substances that stimulate root production. At first, however, newly planted trees should be pruned only when there are broken or damaged branches. Young trees frequently need pruning to establish a beneficial branch structure. Young trees can be pruned to prevent future branch structure issues or, if needed, to create a desired shape or form. Illustration of Reasons to Prune Trees (red branches are to be removed)Ĭredit: Don Wittig, former UME Master Gardener Why prune young trees? Remove damaged, diseased, and dead branches at any time.Pruning large trees and any tree work that requires climbing or near power lines is dangerous and should be performed by a licensed tree expert or certified arborist.Important reasons to prune mature trees include controlling size, providing clearance for foot traffic or vehicles, removing potentially hazardous branches, and improving appearance. Pruning, or the selective removal of specific branches or stems, is an important maintenance practice that helps to keep your trees healthy for many years to come.

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